Rambling around my ancestral Hainan

Notes

Bibliography

Copyright 2015

Note

 

1.   Unless indicated otherwise, all currencies are stated in Singapore dollar (S$) or Chinese yuan or “dollar”, the basic unit of currency in the People’s Republic of China.  Occasionally, I render the cost of an item in Australian dollar (A$) by way of comparison.  For ease of reference, I shall use “RMB” - “renminbi” or “people’s currency” - for the Chinese yuan.  (The Chinese yuan should not be confused with the Japanese yen.)  One yuan consists of ten “jiao” (a ten-cent coin), and one “jiao” consists of ten “fen” (a one-cent coin).

2.   In January 2011, the exchange rate was about: S$1 to 5 RMB; A$1 to 6.5 RMB.  Towards the end of 2013, the yuan has appreciated in value vis-à-vis the Australian dollar, with the A$1 fetching about 5.7 yuan.

3.   All names of people and places in China are written in modern Romanized Chinese (pinyin) and, infrequently, also in Chinese characters.  On some occasions, I retain the names that are more familiar to readers, names like “Sun Yat-sen” and “Chiang Kai-shek”, instead of the pinyin “Sun Yixian” and “Jiang Jieshi”.  When a familiar (Wade-Giles Romanized) name is used, its Chinese character may be given in parenthesis, followed by its pinyin equivalent too, for example: Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙; Sun Yixian).  When the pinyin name is used, its Chinese character may be given in parenthesis, followed by its meaning in English or its equivalent in the familiar Wade-Giles spelling or Chinese dialect, for example: Fengjiawan (冯家湾; Feng’s Clan Bay; Hainanese: Pang Kia Wan) and Wei Zhiyi (Wade-Giles: Wei Chih-i, 765-807 A.D.).

4.   Unlike Anglo-Saxon family names which are listed last, the family names or surnames of Chinese are listed first, followed by their personal names (or, if they are famous, courtesy names, or literary names).  This ancient tradition emphasized the importance of family.  “Sun” is, for example, the surname of Sun Yat-sen. “Yat-sen” (Cantonese: Yat-sun; renewing oneself daily) is Sun’s Christian name.  

5.   Although the Mandarin name for a city or province consists of separate characters as in, for example, 北京 and 海南, these names are commonly rendered into pinyin and English as “Beijing” and “Hainan” and not “Bei Jing” and “Hai Nan”.  (When the result would create confusion, the two terms are separated by an apostrophe.  For example, the terms “Xi” and “An” are combined as “Xi’an” to distinguish it from “Xian”.)  This is the way the Hainan towns are named.  To avoid confusion, I have also replaced some pinyin characters like “cun” with “village”, “zhen” with “town”, “lu” with “Road”, “Dadao” with “Avenue”, and so forth.  For instance, 五 指 山 路 is translated as Wuzhishan Road and not “Wuzhishanlu”.

6.   The title of the most high-ranking imperial official has been variously translated by Western writers, depending on their country of origin, as “prime minister”, “chief minister”, “chief councillor”, “chancellor”, or “president”.  These terms shall be used interchangeably.  Two points should be noted: first, these ministers were appointed by the emperors (or empresses acting as regents), and not elected by the people; second, two or even three “chief ministers” might be appointed at the same time, each with power over different areas (like administration or military affairs), which was a norm during the Tang Dynasty.

 

 

Bibliography

 

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Beaumont, Joan, Gull Force, survival and leadership in captivity 1941-1945 (Allen & Unwin, 1988)

Brodsgaard, Kjeld Erik, Hainan: state, society and business in a Chinese province (Routledge, 2009)

Brook, Timothy, The Chinese state in Ming society (Routledge Curzon, 2005)

Brook, Timothy, The confusions of pleasure: commerce and culture in Ming China (University of California Press, 1999)

Cawthorne, Nigel, Daughter of Heaven: the true story of the only woman to become emperor of China (Oneworld Publications, 2007)

Chow, Gregory C., China’s Economic Transformation (Blackwell Publishers, 2002)

Di Cosmo, Nicola; and Wyatt, Don J., ed., Political frontiers, ethnic boundaries, and human geographies in Chinese history (Routledge Curzon, 2003)

Drompp, Michael R., Tang China and the Collapse of the Uighur Empire (Koninklijke Brill NV, 2005)

Dutton, Michael R., Policing and Punishment in China: From Patriarchy to ‘The People’ (Cambridge University Press, 1992) 

Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, ed., Cambridge Illustrated History of China (Cambridge University Press, 1999)  

Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; and Bickford, Maggie; ed., Emperor Huizong and Late Northern Song China: The Politics of Culture and the Culture of Politics (Harvard University Asia Center, 2006)

Giuffrida, Noelle, Representing the Daoist God Zhenwu, the Perfected Warrior, in Late Imperial China (University of Kansas, 2008), PhD thesis

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Holcombe, Charles, The Genesis of East Asia, 221 B.C. – A.D. 907 (University of Hawaii Press, 2001)

Hourani, George F., Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times (Princeton University Press, 1995)

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B.  Articles


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De Weerdt, Hilde, “The Discourse of Loss in Song Dynasty Private and Imperial Book Collecting”, Library Trends, Volume 55, Number 3, Winter 2007

Donald S. Sutton, “A Case of Literati Piety: The Ma Yuan Cult from High-Tang to High-Qing”, Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR), Vol. 11 (Dec. 1989), pp.79-114

Fan, Fa-ti, “Hybrid discourse and textual practice: Sinology and natural history in the Nineteenth Century”, History of Science, Volume xxxviii (2000), pp. 25-56

Feng, Chongyi, “The Search for a Hainanese Culture”, The China Quarterly, Volume 160, December 1999, pp. 1036-1056

Feng, Chongyi; and Goodman, David S.G., “Hainan Province in Reform: Political Dependence and Economic Interdependence”, Provincial strategies of economic reform in post-Mao China: Leadership, politics, and implementation (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1988), Peter T.Y. Cheung, Jae Ho Chung, and Zhimin Lin, ed.

Hartman, Charles, “The Making of a Villain: Ch’in Kuei and Tao-hsueh”, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Volume 58, Number1, 1998, pp. 59-146

Holmgren, Jennifer, “Social mobility in the Northern Dynasties: A Case Study of the Feng of Northern Yen”, Monumenta Serica, Volume 35 (1981-83), pp. 19-32

Hu, John, “Ming Dynasty Drama”, Chinese theater: from its origins to the present day (University of Hawaii Press, 1983), Colin Mackerras, ed.

Moore, Oliver, “The ceremony of gratitude”, State and court ritual in China (Cambridge University Press, 1999), Joseph P. McDermott, ed.

Mou, Sherry J., “Consort Qiaoguo Ms. Xian (ca. 520-601 C.E.) From History of the Northern Dynasties”, Images of women in Chinese thought and culture: writings from the pre-Qin period through the Song dynasty (Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2003), Robin R. Wang, ed.

Mou, Sherry J., “Fathoming Consort Xian: Negotiated Power in the Liang, Chen, and Sui Dynasties”, Battlefronts real and imagined: war, border, and identity in the Chinese middle period (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), Don J. Wyatt, ed.

Phillips, R.T., “The Japanese Occupation of Hainan”, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (1980), pp. 93-109

Spring, Madeline K., “T’ang landscape of exile”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 117 Number 2, 1977

Wade, Geoff, “Lady Sinn and the Southward Expansion of China in the Sixth Century”, Guangdong: Archaeology and Early Texts (Harrassowitz Verlag, 2004), Shing Muller, Thomas O. Hollmann, Putao Gui, ed, pp. 125 – 150

 

C.  Works in Chinese

Guo, Shi (郭湜), 高力士外傳 (Gao Lishi waizhuan; An Informal Biography of Gao Lishi) 

Li Dashi and Li Yanshou, 北史 (Bei shi; History of the Northern Dynasties, 659 A.D.)

Liu Xu, ed., 旧唐书 (Jiu Tangshu; Old Book of the Tang, 945 A.D.)

Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi, ed., 新唐书 (Xin Tangshu; New Book of the Tang, 1060)

Qiu Jun, 大学衍义补 (Daxue Yanyi Bu; Supplement to ‘Expositions on the Great Learning’, 1506)

Wei Zheng, ed., 隋書 (Sui shu; Book of the Sui, 636 A.D.)

Wang Xingrui, 冼夫人与冯氏家族: 隋唐间广东南部地区社会历史 的初步硏究 (Xian Furen yu Feng shi jia zu: Sui Tang jian Guangdong nanbu diqu shehui lishi de chubu yan jiu; Lady Xian and the Feng clan: Preliminary Researchers’ Study into southern Guangdong social history between the Sui and Tang) 北京: 中华 书局: 新华书店北京发行所发行 (Beijing, Zhonghua shuju: Xinhua shudian Beijing faxing suo faxing; Beijing, Zhonghua Book Company: Xinhua Book Company Beijing issued issue, 1984)